The Plea Bargain Is A Vital Part Of The Criminal Justice...

The plea bargain is a vital part of the criminal justice system today. Before the 1800s when an offender was caught there would be a trial and verdict. The plea bargain are for defendant s to plead guilty to a lesser offense or to at least one charge especially if there are multiple indictments. Defendants will plead guilty in hopes of leniency, and at least 90 percent of criminal cases end in a plea bargains. A majority of criminal cases in many jurisdictions will end in a plea bargaining. In the case North Carolina v. Alford, Mr. Alford is accused of Capital murder. The penalty for a guilty plea is imprisonment for life, however, if the defendant pleads innocent and the jury rules him guilty the death penalty attaches. Prior to the trial, Mr. Alford accepted a plea bargain. The bargaining requires him to plead guilty to murder in the second degree, the penalty of which is 30 years. Later on Alford does appeals his case, stating that his agreement to the bargain was involuntary as it was driven by fear of the death penalty. Mr. Alford s conviction was overturned however, the Supreme Court states that a guilty plea is a voluntary decision and is not compelled within his Fifth Amendment rights of Self-Incrimination. In a 6 to 3 decision, the Court then reverses the appeal and reinstates his conviction. This is a great example of how the option of plea bargaining continues to be controversial. This case shows how plea bargaining can work both in favor and negativelyShow MoreRelatedWhat is plea bargaining? Essay890 Words   |  4 Pageswith each other. In a nutshell, this is plea bargaining. Imagine that the person a few spots ahead of you is a prosecutor and the cashier is the defendant in court. It is the exact same thing. Plea bargaining is a term used when the two parties reach a mutual agreement in a court of law. Usually it involves a little bit of give, and a little bit of take from both parties, but in the end both sides are able to reach a mutual agreement. If people think of plea bargaining as a negative impact on ourRead MoreThe Crime Control Method : Plea Bargaining1126 Words   |  5 PagesControl Method: Plea Bargaining Renee Gainey The University of Alabama â€Æ' Abstract The criminal justice system acts on the crime control model; which focuses on the arrest, prosecution, and finally the conviction of criminals. Plea-bargaining exists in this model today as it speeds the process of a trial and conviction. With pleading guilty, criminals skip the process of a trial and faces their punishment. There are some benefits and negative aspects that come along with the practice of plea-bargainingRead MoreProsecutorial Athletes And Prosecutors : The Price Of A Deal?1195 Words   |  5 Pagesthe plea bargain or deal-making should end. While other scholars think prosecutors need more guidance and a watchful eye to stay on course. This argument is compounded when the media blows up on cases gone wrong or blatant prosecutorial misconduct. This paper will detail the problems plaguing the plea bargain and ways to improve it so it remains a vital prosecutorial tool. To begin we must first know what a plea bargain is. The legal definition of a plea bargain is a process whereby a criminal defendantRead MoreCrime And The Criminal Justice System2578 Words   |  11 PagesIn the criminal justice system, there are many different aspects and actors, such as the police, courts, and corrections, each with very different but equally important roles in handling crime and dealing with law-breakers. Each of these aspects play an equally important role in making sure the criminal justice system runs smoothly and effectively. There are many different things that can influence a person’s beliefs about the criminal justice system such as television, school, family, friends, andRead MoreThe United States Criminal Justice System2824 Words   |  12 PagesThe United States criminal justice system is essential to the functioning of American society. A central component to the criminal justice system in our country is the U.S. courts. The U.S. courts uphol d those rights guaranteed to U.S. citizens under the Constitution while also enforcing the laws and precedents set forth by the United States government. Over the course of the last several months I have been given the opportunity to sit in and observe the workings and proceedings that take placeRead More Adversarial Legalism1170 Words   |  5 Pagessecret that the American legal system is distinct from other developed Western nations in its practices and laws. This variation, termed â€Å"adversarial legalism† by Professor Robert Kagan in his book, Adversarial Legalism, has two salient features: formal legal contestation and litigant activism. In civil and criminal law, jury trials and a specific lawyering culture exemplify these traits. Though adversarial legalism responds well to the American desires of justice and protection from harm while simultaneouslyRead MoreEssay on Plea Bargaining Assignment4461 Words   |  18 Pagesï » ¿PLEA BARGAINING Plea Bargaining is the central feature of modern criminal justice system. It is also known as Pre-trial settlement, plea discussions, plea negotiations, resolution discussion etc. In its most traditional and general sense, â€Å"plea bargaining† refers to pre-trial negotiations between the defendant, usually conducted by the counsel and the prosecution, during which the defendant agrees to plead guilty in exchange for certain concessions by the prosecutor. The concept of plea-bargainingRead MoreCriminal Courts2337 Words   |  10 PagesUniversity of phoenix Criminal Courts Criminal courts are a process. Most assume that all the action takes place when the trial starts, but this is not true for all proceedings. Most offenders will enter a guilty plea to comply with a prosecutors â€Å"deal† offered to the offender. What is considered to be a courtroom work group? A courtroom work group is a group of participates in a criminal trial. The participants can be divided into two categories: professionals and outsidersRead MoreThe Impact Of New Technology On Criminal Justice System1458 Words   |  6 PagesTechnologies on Criminal Justice and Corrections Our criminal justice system is very important to society. The reason for having laws is to defend society from harm, and to ensure that each person is kept safe, as well as to receive fair treatment. The criminal justice system works to defend the innocent and to punish the guilty without risking denial of an individual’s basic human rights. The past, present and future trends involved in the interface between components of the criminal justice systemRead MoreAbolishing Mandatory Minimum Sentencing On The United States1690 Words   |  7 PagesStates EXECUTIVE SUMMARY The concept of mandatory minimum sentencing has been plaguing the justice system of the United States of America for too many years and therefore must be abolished. If mandatory minimum sentencing were to be done away with, then the criminal justice system could finally start to bring desperately needed change to itself and start to get back to where it needs to be; a system that takes people with a problem and returns a reformed individual capable of positively contributing

The Effects Of Cigarette Smoking On Human Lives - 2176 Words

There is a widespread epidemic that is highly misunderstood in today’s society, and that is the use of cigarettes. Substances used in cigarettes cause many harmful ailments such as tooth decay, lung cancer, and heart disease. Nicotine, the stimulative chemical found in tobacco, creates a physical and physiological addiction that compels the frequent usage of the product - further allowing the destruction of numerous vital parts of the human anatomy. As a result, many people are diagnosed with fatal diseases and are condemned to a life of therapy or medicine with harmful side effects. Unsurprisingly, â€Å"Cigarette smoking is responsible for more than 480,000 deaths per year in the United States, including nearly 42,000 deaths resulting from secondhand smoke exposure. This is about one in five deaths annually, or 1,300 deaths every day† (CDC). This harrowing statistic reveals just how much damage cigarette smoking causes on human lives. Another ramification that is oft en overlooked is the resulting negative impact on the economy. Billions of taxpayer dollars are used to mitigate the healthcare costs and environmental destruction caused by cigarettes. For these reasons, cigarettes are a plague to society that needs to be resolved. There are many ways in which we can fix this issue, such as raising awareness in schools about the dangers of cigarettes, taxation, and rehabilitation. Tobacco, the main ingredient in cigarettes, is a plant that was used for spiritual ceremonies andShow MoreRelatedSmoking Is An Addictive Habit That Has Been Killing People All Over The World1123 Words   |  5 PagesSmoking is an addictive habit that has been killing people all over the world for hundreds of years. About 25% of adults smoke and about 30% of all adolescents use some type of tobacco product (â€Å"Smoking†). Statistics show that the majority of tobacco users began as a teenager, around thirteen years of age (Miller). The human population is supposed to have innate instincts to do all they can to survive and extend their lives, but individuals still make the choice to smoke and may not take into accountRead MoreShould Cigarette Smoking Be Banned? Essay1278 Words   |  6 PagesSmoking is an expensive habit. People who smoke cigarettes can spend as much as $2,500 a year on them. Smokers’ claim that it helps relax them and it releases stress but the negati ve aspects of smoking outweigh the positive. Smoking is a health hazard for smokers and non-smokers. Smokers should have the right to choose what to do with their own health but they should respect non-smokers. Many people believe that there are good and bad outcomes from smoking. I believe that smoking is bad and thatRead MoreEssay On Cigarettes Should Be Banned707 Words   |  3 PagesIf you had the chance to save your own life, or even the lives of everyone around you, would you take it? Choosing to light another cigarette is choosing to commit another murder and taking another stab at your lungs. Smoking is the cause of one in five deaths each year in the United States alone. Since cigarettes can be considered a mass murder, they should be banned. They are dangerous to smokers and everybody around them, and that makes them vulnerable to secondhand smoke. Smokers are more proneRead MoreThe Far-reaching Effects of Smoking Essay616 Words   |  3 Pages Smoking has far reaching e ffects on your life and the lives of others around and being able to quit this habit can allow you to live a more active life free of the desire to smoke. Smoking cigarettes are an addictive habit that is caused from a chemical that is in the tobacco called nicotine. Addiction is the word that is used to describe a person that habitually smokes cigarettes but the word addiction was not always used to describe such a negative thing. Addiction originally was used to describeRead MoreNo Smoking Bans In Colleges Essay1078 Words   |  5 PagesNo Smoking Bans at College Smoking bans have become a new trend in colleges and universities. The effort is to making changes in the attitude and behavior of students to consider this habit as risky for a smoker, as well as the people around them and other environmental factors. Knowing the fact a growing concern is observed as harmful effects of second hand smoking are larger than that of first hand smoking. A smoke free campus policy will be a mere step in changing the trend of smoking and maintainingRead MoreEffects of Tobacco Use1283 Words   |  5 Pagesdestruction of a human health and body. Sadly, 19 percent of all adults in the United States use tobacco on a daily basis. Countless numbers of people currently in use of tobacco products attempt to quit their use of tobacco, but many fall short of their goal due to the addictive nicotine within cigarettes. This nonstop use of tobacco has been the result of more than 440,000 deaths per year of smokers with an estimated 49,000 of these deaths of innocent people exposed to secondhand smoking. States areRead MoreHarmful Effects of Smoking1418 Words   |  6 PagesHarmful effects of smoking Doan Thi Huong Thao BAIU08155 International University HCMC Academic English 2 Bien Thi Thanh Mai Instructor May 17, 2010 Abstract Smoking is known to be a primary cause of harmful effects on health, family, environment and society. However, scientist research in health and environment, that researches show that smoking cause many diseases, even lung cancer. An aim of my study has been to determine that smoking also effect on family and society. Results indicatedRead MoreE-Cigarettes Are Just As Bad As Traditional Cigarettes Essay1140 Words   |  5 Pagesnew trend hitting the market known as e-cigarettes, or â€Å"vaping.† Many people believe that e-cigarettes are better than traditional cigarettes, but research shows just how unhealthy and harmful e-cigarettes are for everyone. The FDA has not yet decided if e-cigarettes should be regulated like tobacco products. E-cigarettes are marketed to help people quit smoking and live a healthier nonsmoking life. E-cigarettes are meant to help break the habit of smoking, but why are there so many â€Å"toxic chemicals†Read MoreShould Cigarette Smoki ng Be Banned?925 Words   |  4 PagesProfessor Fuentes English 1003 April 22, 2015 Ban smoking in the United States Tobacco use is the single largest preventable cause of diseases and premature death in the United States (U.S.), yet more than 45 million Americans still smoke cigarettes. The health threat posed by tobacco has been accepted by scientists since the 17th century. In 1928, studies linked smoking to cancer. In 1964, the first Surgeon General’s report on cigarette smoking summarized the evidence that tobacco poses seriousRead MoreTobacco Smoking1372 Words   |  6 PagesSmoking is an activity that has been around for many years for people to use and adapt into their lifestyle. It is a tool that many people use to help reduce the stresses of life and put them in a comfortable position that enables them to cope with the hectic lifestyle they are living. However, smoking has been scientifically proven to cause many types of cancer, the most common being lung cancer resulting in numerous deaths across the United States. According to WHO (World Health Organization),

The Love of My Life Free Essays

In the short story â€Å"The Love of My Life,† two teenagers make one bad decision and their lives are changed forever. The author, T. Coraghessan Boyle, wrote the story based on an actual news story that had occurred a few years back. We will write a custom essay sample on The Love of My Life or any similar topic only for you Order Now The author does a great job of making the relationship between Jeremy and China seem so wonderful and almost innocent, that it is hard to be angry with them. The two characters in the story, Jeremy and China, are young and are head over heels for each other. The very first line of the story is all it takes to make the reader realize that these two youngsters share the true meaning of love, â€Å"they wore each other like a pair of socks. † All of that changes when the two find out that China is pregnant. Instead of properly handling their situation, they have the baby and dispose of it in a dumpster at a motel. Although the story has a very upsetting plot, you can’t help but feel some sympathy toward the characters. The beginning of the story starts out describing the great, young love that Jeremy and China had. They did everything with each other, spent almost every waking moment together, and rarely ever fought. Both teenagers were on a great track in life; graduating at the top of their high school class, both going to top colleges and well-liked by most. They would tell each other â€Å"I love you† more times in a day than they could keep track of. Every time they walked into a room they would kiss. They seemed to have the perfect relationship. Then, the summer before college would commence, they went on a week-long camping trip alone. Of course, being alone, they had the opportunity to have sex and enjoy their time together. Obviously caught in the heat of the moment, knowing they were out of condoms, they had sex anyway. One irrational decision led to their lives changing forever. Before going to school in the fall, China learned that she was pregnant. Out of immaturity, and fear, she decides to do nothing about it and hide it, hoping it would perhaps just go away. Jeremy is just as clueless and scared as she is, and goes along with her decision. When the night comes that China is to have her baby, she calls up Jeremy and they meet at the motel they had met at many times before. When she arrives there, Jeremy is waiting at the door. When she walks by him, â€Å"they didn’t kiss- they didn’t even touch- and then she was on the bed. † By this time, they have almost completely lost all of the love in their relationship and all their fighting has just pulled them apart more and more. Hours passed, and she finally had the baby. After the trauma of giving birth, all she could say to Jeremy was, â€Å"get rid of it. Jeremy, not knowing what else to do, listened to her order. After driving China back to school, he returned to the motel, wrapped the baby in a plastic bag, and disposed of it in a dumpster. Like most secrets, this one didn’t last very long. Both teenagers were soon arrested. On the day of their court appearance, China writes Jeremy a note saying, â€Å"I love you, will always love you no ma tter what. It is apparent that she still loves him so much, but it is hard to tell whether Jeremy still feels the same at this point in the story. All he can say to her before they part is, â€Å"you told me to get rid of it. A part in the story that seems to be very ironic is that China always would joke with Jeremy that she would â€Å"never be like those breeders that bring their puffed-up squalling little red-faced babies to class. † Sadly, the thing that they had once laughed at others for happened to them. It can also become so intense and cause people to do crazy things, just like the characters in â€Å"The Love of My Life. † They may not have killed one another, but they did murder their baby. They were blinded by their love and still so immature that they did not know how to deal with such a serious situation like that. How to cite The Love of My Life, Papers

Difference Between Leadership Theory And Leadership Style - Sample

Questions: 1. what is the difference between leadership and management? 2. what is the difference between leadership theory and leadership style? 3. What are the changes made in leadership style due to the evolving leadership role? 4. What are the challenges a leader has to face today in health care system? 5. What are the leadership models practised in nursing? 6. What is the nursing theories influence in a leadership role? 7. What are the important values that a nurse leader should emulate and how does leadership theorist influence on nursing? 8. How does safety, quality and values impact the nursing leader role? Answers: 1. what is the difference between leadership and management? Leader: Nurse practitioner is a person who motivates and influences the team to achieve the goals and mission of their organisation in a most effective and efficient manner. Leadership can be formal or informal to the health care organization. A nurse is said to be an effective leader because of allocating the resources and streamlining the workforce. The responsibilities that are associated with the nurse leader is designing the policy and implementing it as a new policy or procedure, challenging the health policies, which are imposed by the government or the institution authority, etc. (Mensik, 2015). Nurse Management is connected with the field of nursing which deals with the patients. The role of the nurse manager is to carry out the work or responsibilities given within the timelines prescribed by taking the help of financial and personal resources, which is allocated in order to meet the objectives and goals of the organization. The nurse manager has the power of making an excellent decision that will be implemented for the wellbeing of the organization. An effective management program is required to facilitate the hospitals, residential and clinical facilities those use the nurse services ('Preparing for leadership', 2014). 2. what is the difference between leadership theory and leadership style? Leaders: Nurse Leaders motivate the team by applying some leadership theories. These theories focus on the leader followers as well as the contextual nature of the leadership. There are various kinds of theories that used by the leaders that include skilled-based theory; transformational theory, transactional theory and behaviourist theory, etc. leadership style, and leadership theory are very relevant to each other. Leadership style is a part of the behaviourist theory that is modelled on a leaders behaviour. There are many kinds of leadership style, which are used by the nurses. Among them, servant leadership is one of the most popular leadership styles (Spitzer, 2015). In this style, the servant leader makes sure that the needs of the members involved in the team are fulfilled or not. This management involves the decision of the member involved in the team that are based on the values and ideas of the organisation. Transformational leadership is another type of leadership style based on the motivating the team members and building relationships with a mission and vision. This type of leader has the confidence to inspire other team members, to communicate vision, respecting the other members of the team and maintaining loyalty to them to make them feel important (WALLIS KENNEDY, 2012). Democratic leadership: This type of leadership encourages performing open communication and participation of the team members in decision-making. The members involved in this type are given accountability, responsibility and feedback depending on their performance (Levesque, 2012). The leader of this type gives important to the relationships that focus on the improvement of the quality of the process and the system rather focusing on the mistakes done by the members of the team. Autocratic leadership: In this leadership style the leader does not involve the suggestion or decision of the team members. Knowledge is treated as the power, and critical information are avoided from the team (Cummings, 2011). This type of leadership does not tolerate the mistake of the other members rather than the faculty makes it. However, there is a positive side of this leadership style that it works in the emergencies where there is no time for any discussion. Laissez faire leadership: In this style the leader does not make any decision and does not provide direction but takes a hands-off approach. This type is often used by the new leader or those who are at the end of their career ('80/20 Projects: Introduction', 2012). 3. What are the changes made in leadership style due to the evolving leadership role? Leader: Many changes are made within the leadership styles to achieve results that are more effective. The changes that have been made are the change from the authoritative style to participative style. The new style has included the participation of other team members in making a decision that was not included in the authoritative style. One of the most important changes that have made is the ability to manage the priorities and the expectation of the employees, community, suppliers, etc. 4. What are the challenges a leader has to face today in health care system? Leader: For making change in the health care systems, leaders have to face many challenges, which include: Making changes in the value-based models: Leaders put practices of the governance and infrastructure to support the value based programs even though the providers have money for the service revenue. However, many suppliers are concerned that may be the cost of the building and the maintenance of the organisation are not supported by the revenue money (Keselman, 2012). Reacting effectively to the economic progress of the local markets: The organisation of the health is which is shifting to the value-based programs they must relate or know the limits and the realities of the economic state of the market. It should also contend the strategies of the employers for the deduction of the health care cost and concentrating on the market player and the practice associated with the physician. Growing and protecting the market share: Growing the share of the market is a concern of all the companies to have a competitive edge on the competitors. Generating a high share of revenue is required and to attain the high position in the market. The executives are driven towards looking at the different partnerships with other organisations or any other agencies. Development of substitute profit earning sources: For providing proper diagnostic services to the suffering people, a higher reserve of cash is necessary. The decreasing amount of revenue of these medical centres is uplifted by the services regarding the development of medical services and patient care services (Bender, Connelly, Glaser Brown, 2012). The inclusion of operational costs: one of the major concerns of these health care service providers is regarding the increasing cost of the services provided. The workers are always concerned towards reducing the cost of the operations. The different methods applied to control these costs are through the process of minimum utilisation of resources and following standardisation policies. Even the financially healthy medical centres are opting to minimize the cost of running the centre. 5. What are the leadership models practised in nursing? Leader: Leadership models practised in nursing are of two types that include Group Practice Model and Professional Practice Model. The model of practicing with the group is about the practice supported by the principles and visions. Here, the care is totally given to the affected people without discontinuing the service of care. Here, the care workers try to create a strong and friendly relationship between the patients and the care workers. Relationship-based care, a care service that contain three main factors of care of the family members, caring for the suffering people, focussing on the improvement of the relationship between the patients and their families (Finkelman Kenner, 2007). 6. What is the nursing theories influence in a leadership role? Leader: The leadership theories influence the nursing in a great manner. Nurses used these theories to manipulate the surrounding of the environment to improve the outcomes of the patients. It also provides the appropriate care that is needed for the development of the patient. There are four important theories that are involved in nursing they are as follows: Grand theories: These theories are complex and broad. They cannot identify the species those are needed for practice implementation. To apply this theory, specific research is needed to get the appropriate interventions. Middle theories: These theories are the most reflective and specific of an actual practice of nursing. They emphasize on the specific topic in nursing like the end of life. Implementation of this theory can communicate to various areas of the nursing practice. Descriptive theories: this theory describes or gives an explanation about the incident that occurs and the consequences associated with it. They can be applied directly in patient assessment but do not have a direct intervention of specific nursing (Bender, Connelly, Glaser Brown, 2012). Prescriptive theories: These theories relate directly to the interventions of specific nursing and describe the phenomenon. This theory is implemented in research setting and is used to observe the intervention validity as it is action oriented. There are some other leadership theories used in influencing nursing that includes environmental manipulation theory, nurse-patient relationship, self-care deficit theory, culture care theory and system model theory. 7. What are the important values that a nurse leader should emulate and how does leadership theorist influence on nursing? Leader: The nursing theorist has a great impact on developing and influencing the practice, such as Henderson. His theory states that the nurses should play the role of providing the tools to the patients to participate actively in their care. When the patient is unable to perform, their activities nurses should assist them. 8. How does safety, quality and values impact the nursing leader role? Leader: Nurses have a great impact on the safety, values and quality in a health care place. To maintain these things they coordinate care provider, monitor, and assist the patient as per their requirement to reduce the risk factors of the patient leading to get positive interventions (Blouin Buturusis, 2012). Summary: The information that gained from this interview will highly influence the career in the field of nursing. By getting the idea of the leadership theories and the leadership styles which are implemented in the nursing practice will enhance my career in this will and it also help to get knowledge that what kind of strategies can be chosen in my practice and will able to maintain the quality, values, safety of the health care areas. References 80/20 Projects: Introduction. (2012). Nursing Leadership, 25(sp), 33-36. doi:10.12927/cjnl.2012.22813 Bender, M., Connelly, C., Glaser, D., Brown, C. (2012). Clinical Nurse Leader Impact on Microsystem Care Quality. Nursing Research, 61(5), 326-332. doi:10.1097/nnr.0b013e318265a5b6 Blouin, A., Buturusis, B. (2012). Addressing the Critical Role of Nurse Leaders in Advancing Quality and Safety. Nurse Leader, 10(6), 22-25. doi:10.1016/j.mnl.2012.09.002 Cummings, G. (2011). The Call for Leadership to Influence Patient Outcomes. Nursing Leadership, 24(2), 22-25. doi:10.12927/cjnl.2011.22459 Finkelman, A., Kenner, C. (2007). Why should nurse leaders care about the status of nursing education?. Nurse Leader, 5(6), 23-27. doi:10.1016/j.mnl.2007.09.006 Keselman, D. (2012). Ethical Leadership. Holistic Nursing Practice, 26(5), 259-261. doi:10.1097/hnp.0b013e318263f2da Levesque, P. (2012). Virtual Leadership in Nursing Education. Nurse Educator, 37(5), 211-213. doi:10.1097/nne.0b013e318262abb6 Mensik, J. (2015). Leaning Into Leadership. Nurse Leader, 13(2), 19-20. doi:10.1016/j.mnl.2015.01.011 Preparing for leadership. (2014). The Nurse Practitioner, 39(2), 6. doi:10.1097/01.npr.0000441916.33934.e9 Spitzer, R. (2015). An Effective Leadership Paradigm. Nurse Leader, 13(2), 8. doi:10.1016/j.mnl.2015.01.016 WALLIS, A., KENNEDY, K. (2012). Leadership training to improve nurse retention. Journal Of Nursing Management, 21(4), 624-632. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2834.2012.01443.x Wessel, S. (2015). Start Strong: What Every New Nurse Leader Should Do Beginning on Day One. Nurse Leader, 13(1), 62-64. doi:10.1016/j.mnl.2014.05.021